Overview

The clementine is a small, typically seedless citrus fruit (seeds can appear if cross-pollination occurs), a hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange and a sweet orange. It is known for its deep orange, smooth, glossy rind and sweet, low-acid flesh. Clementines are typically juicy and easy to peel, making them a popular snack fruit.

Origin and history

The clementine is named for Father Clément Rodier, a French missionary who is credited with discovering or cultivating the hybrid in the late 19th century at an orphanage in Misserghin, Algeria [1]. The fruit is a tangor, a cross between a mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and a sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis). Commercial production expanded significantly in the 20th century, particularly in Spain, Morocco, and California. The variety known as “Nules” or “Clemenules” is the most widely grown commercial clementine today [2].

Varieties and aliases

  • Clemenules (Nules): The most common commercial variety, originating in Spain.
  • Fina: An early Spanish variety, smaller and with a more intense flavor.
  • Marisol: An early-season variety from Spain.
  • Oronules: A mutation of Clemenules with a deeper orange color.
  • In British English, clementines are often sold as “easy peelers,” though the term also applies to other small, easy-peel citrus varieties.

Culinary uses

Clementines are most commonly eaten fresh out of hand due to their easy-to-peel skin and seedless segments. They are used in fruit salads, green salads, and desserts such as tarts and sorbets. The zest is used to flavor baked goods, marinades, and cocktails. Clementine juice is sweet and mild, suitable for drinking or as a base for sauces and dressings.

Notes for cooks

  • Clementines are best stored at room temperature for up to a week or in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
  • When selecting, look for fruit that feels heavy for its size and has a fragrant, sweet aroma. Avoid any with soft spots or mold.
  • The zest can be dried and used as a flavoring; the segments freeze well for later use in smoothies or sauces.